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Kamarupi Prakrit,〔"On the basis of many such evidences it is claimed that the Assamese language developed not from the Magadhi but from another parallel variety of Prakrit, which deserves to be called the Kamarupi Prakrit." 〕 Kamrupi Apabhramsa,〔"This sort of oneness must have helped the growth of a common language which can be termed as Kamrupi Prakrit or Kamrupi Apabhramsa" 〕 old Kamrupi dialect,〔Sukumar Sen, ''Grammatical sketches of Indian languages with comparative vocabulary and texts, Volume 1'', 1975, P 31, Assamese, or more appropriately the old Kamarupi dialect entered into Kamrup or western Assam, where this speech was first characterized as Assamese.〕 Kamarupa dialect〔Suniti Kumar Chatterji,''The origin and development of the Bengali language, Volume 1'', One would expect one and identical language to have been current in North Central Bengal (Pundra-vardhana) and North Bengal and West Assam (Kamarupa) in the 7th century, since these tracts, and other parts of Bengal, had almost the same speech.〕 and proto-Kamrupa; was the Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) used in ancient Kamarupa. This language is the historical ancestor of the Kamatapuri lects and the Assamese language;〔"In this study I refer to the western dialect of Asamiya as ''Kamrupi'', and the historical ancestor of proto-Kamata and proto-Asamiya as ''proto-Kamrupa''." 〕 and can be dated prior to 1250 CE, when the proto-Kamta language, the parent of the Kamatapuri lects, began to develop. This sort of Sporadic Apabhramsa is a mixture of Sanskrit, Prakrit and colloquial dialects of Assam.〔Kamarupa Anusandhan Samiti, ''Journal of the Assam Research Society - Volume 18'', 1968 P 81 Though Apabhramsa works in Kamrupi Specimens are not available, yet we can trace the prevalence of early Kamrupi Apabhramsa through the window of archaic froms as found in the grants or Copper-plates mentioned above. This sort of Sporadic Apabhramsa is a mixture of Sanskrit, Prakrit and colloquial dialects of Assam.〕 The evidence of this MIA exist in systematic errors in the Sankrit language used in the Kamarupa inscriptions.〔"... (it shows) that in Ancient Assam there were three languages viz. (1) Sanskrit as the official language and the language of the learned few, (2) Non-Aryan tribal languages of the Austric and Tibeto-Burman families, and (3) a local variety of Prakrit (ie a MIA) wherefrom, in course of time, the modern Assamese language as a MIL, emerged." 〕 A distinguishing characteristic of Kamarupa inscriptions is the replacement of ''ś'' and ''ṣ'' by ''s'', which is contrary to Vararuci's rule, the main characteristic of Magadhi Prakrit, which warrants that ''ṣ'' and ''s'' are replaced by ''ś''.〔"The replacement of ''ṣ'' and ''s'' by ''ś'' is one of the main characteristics of the Magadha Prakrit, as warranted by Vararuci's rule, ''ṣasau śah''. But in the Kamarupa inscriptions, we find the reverse of it, i.e the replacement of ''ś'' by ''s'' as in the word ''suhańkara'', substituted for the Sanskrit ''śubhańkara'' in line 32 of the Subhankarpataka grant of Dharmapala." This contrary rule was first pointed out by Dimbeswar Neog , ((link ))〕 Linguists claim this apabhramsa gave rise to various eastern Indo-European languages like modern Assamese and felt its presence in the form of Kamrupi and North Bengali.〔Mrinal Miri, ''Linguistic situation in North-East India '', 2003, Scholars have shown that it is rather through the western Assam dialects that the development of modern Assamese has to be traced.〕〔Sukhabilasa Barma, ''Bhawaiya, ethnomusicological study'',2004 Based on the materials of the Linguistic Survey of India, Suniti Kumar Chattopadhyay has divided Eastern Magadhi Prakrit and Apabhramsa into four dialect groups (1) Radha-the language of West Bengal and Orissa (2) Varendra-dialect of North Central Bengal (3) Kamrupi-dialect of Northern Bengal and Assam and (4) Vanga-dialect of East Bengal.〕 ==Characteristics== Though the epigraphs were written in classical Sanskrit in kavya style of a high degree, they abound in corrupt and unchaste forms. * Loss of repha and reduplication of the remaining concerned consonants. * Shortening of vowels. * Lengthening of vowels. * Substitution of one vowel for another. * Avoidance and irregularity of sandhis. * Loss of initial vowel. * Substitution of Y by i. * Total loss of medial Y. * Reduplication of consonants immediately followed by r. * Absence of duplication where it is otherwise necessary. * Varieties of assimilation. * Wrong analogy. * Varied substitution for m and final m. * Substitution of h by gh and susbstitution of bh by h. * Indiscriminate substitution of one sibilant for another. * Irregularity of declension in case of stems ending in consonants. * Absence of visarga even where it is invariably necessary. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kamarupi Prakrit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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